An action-packed blockbuster: Puppet Master (horror movie) review of the motion picture.



David Schmoeller directed 1989 American horror movie Puppet Master, also known as The Puppet Master and Puppet Master. The screenplay of this movie is created by Charles Band and Kenneth J. Hall, and the movie was made from the United States. In the film, Paul Le Mat, Irene Miracle, Matt Roe, and Kathryn O'Reilly play a group of psychics who have been rebuked by a former coworker who uses an Egyptian incantation to summon figurines to life. The antagonist of the story plays Kathryn O'Reilly.

The film Puppet Master was supposed to debut in theaters for the first time in the summer of 1989 before it was scheduled to hit home video shelves on September 1st of the same year. Despite this, Band made the decision to release the movie on direct-to-video on the 12th of October, 1989, as they considered that it was a more lucrative business than the theater market. It received numerous appreciation, and as consequence of its wide-ranging recognition, it is now being made into a distinct series.

Puppet Master Plot


In the Bodega Bay Hotel in California in 1939 an experienced marionette maker under an unknown name Andre Toulon is putting the finishing touches on his most recently created creation Jester. When two German operatives were in the room, Toulon was warned by Kahn and was an active marionette. Toulon discretely sets the moving figurines into a plastic box, and then hides them in an obscure corner in the wall. While the Nazis were pounding on the door, Toulon took his own life.

In the present, Neil Gallagher "contacts" four visionaries who live hundreds of miles apart from each other. The five visionaries have known each other for quite a while. Dana Hadley has a premonition of her own demise, and clairvoyant researchers Frank Forrester and Carissa Stamford have a weird relationship. Professor Alex Whitaker has a hallucination in which he sees Neil having parasites. Dana discloses to the other participants that she's found Toulon's "hiding site," and calls for a meeting to be held within Bodega Bay Hotel. Bodega Bay Hotel, which is the place where Neil lives. Toulon is present at the meeting. They are stunned when they discover that not only is Neil own a female whose name is Megan however, he has also killed himself with notes and apology for her in his home prior to his suicide life. After entrusting the departed individual's remains to her friends and family in order for them to offer their condolences, Dana utilizes a long pin to verify that Neil has indeed passed in death.

While they settle into their new homes they are confronted with two different mental images of Neil. Later on that evening while eating dinner, Dana deliberately causes a disturbance to Megan, which causes Megan to leave the table and at the same time, another marionette living, Pinhead, appears from Neil's body. Alex closely follows Megan as she walks and talks with her about their lives together, as well as her husband's. Alex, the dream interpreter see into the future . Carissa, the psychometrist, can sense the emotional background of an object simply by touching it; Dana the fortune teller, can identify missing objects and people; and Carissa, the psychometrist, is able to read dreams. While studying alchemy, Neil realized through Frank's guidance of the fact that Ancient Egyptians had created a way of reanimating the dead as well as a technique that came to light later by Andre Toulon, the last authentic alchemist. This realization occurred as the result of Neil's investigation into alchemy. As a result of the fact that Neil was not in contact with them for a long period of time, Dana and the others were able to conclude that Neil had abandoned them and taken whatever it was that Neil was seeking in his own way. So, they've decided to settle on the situation and settle it.

Theresa, the housekeeper, responds to the call that night, and as she attempts at putting out the flame Dana's desire is realized when Pinhead is beaten with a stick. Megan goes unconscious when she discovers Gallagher's corpse in a chair; Alex helps her, while they re-intern the body inside the casket. Blade is taken to Carissa and Frank's space, where they're engaging in extremely intense sex and disrupting Alex and Dana when they are asleep. While Alex and Dana's areas are being protected by enchantment Blade goes toward Carissa and Frank's bedroom. Tunneler and Leech Woman The Leech Woman and Tunneler are next figurines that will appear. When Carissa examines a noise that is coming from under the bed, she's killed via a drill in the face by Tunneler. Frank is drained of his blood due to leeches being reabsorbed by the Leech Woman which is pinned to the bed. In addition, the Leech Woman has also been killed by the drill to the face. When Dana gets back to her bed after taking a walk, she finds the deceased body of Gallagher lying there. Pinhead is threatening her, breaking the limb of one her in the process. Pinhead continues to follow her, beating and strangling her until she finally swats him away before dragging him to the elevator. Blade completes her acquisition of riches by slitting her throat.

After having more nightmares, Alex is awoken by Megan, who shows him Toulon's notebook . Megan explains to him that Neil has discovered Toulon's key to reanimation. Alex then realizes that Neil has discovered the key to revitalizing Toulon. Following Alex and her friends see a glimpse of Neil who is in the basement, they race downstairs to escape, only to discover Dana, Frank, and Carissa dead in the dining room with recently revived Neil in the middle. He admits that in his desire to live forever, he attempted suicide in the hopes of bringing his own body back to life with the help of the methods of Toulon. He confesses that he killed Megan's parents, and shows his hatred for the dolls by violently throwing Jester. He's delighted to have human subjects to experimentation, so he does not really care about the dolls. As Neil watches the other dolls around him in a circle, and Blade is pinned down and Tunneler cut from his legs. Then, Leech Woman regurgitates a leech inside his mouth, and Pinhead smashes his neck. Neil observes all of this take place. On the next day, Megan takes a farewell kiss to Alex and as she ascends into the top floor she breathes new life into Dana's stuffed dog, Leroy.



Puppet Master Cast


William Hickey brings these characters to life in the role in the role of Puppet Master Toulon.

Alex Whitaker, portrayed by Paul Le Mat, is a professor in anthropology in Yale University who possesses the ability to see in the near future.

Irene Miracle gives life to the character of Dana Hadley, a fairground psychic who specializes in the field of fortune telling and the retrieval of stolen or lost property.

Neil Gallagher, who is as portrayed in the movie by Jimmie F. Skaggs, is the main antagonist in this movie, as well as the "puppet master." He is the one who is ultimately responsible for the death of his former coworkers and coworkers at the hands and puppets.

When her parents passed away, Megan Gallagher (Robin Frates), who later be Neil's wife, took over the Bodega Bay from them; it was here that she and Neil met for the first time. Erotic psychic readings comprise Frank Forrester's (Matt Roe) specialization at Pensa Research Inc. (PRI) at which he works as a psychic researcher. Carissa is his wife.

Carissa Stamford plays a psychometrist working on behalf of Pensa Research Inc (PRI) and is Frank's partner. Kathryn O'Reilly plays Carissa Stamford in the show. She is often able to see people who have experienced sexual trauma or partners who were involved in sexual behavior that was personal in the past, but she can also recreate the emotional story of any object by simply touching it. She frequently has glimpses of victims of sexual trauma.

Mews Carnival featured Barbara Crampton as Theresa as the Gallaghers' housekeeper.

David Boyd's performance as Buddy in the movie. Buddy in the film

Peter Frankland is the actor who plays Max.

Andrew Kimbrough, who plays Klaus, was cast in the part.

Puppet Master Puppets


Swordswoman Tunnel-Dwelling Trickster Pinhead King Gengie Shredder Khan

Get your copy of the Puppet Master Gratis!

Video versions of Puppet Master was released by Paramount Home Video on October 12th, 1989. The motion film was initially offered for purchase on disc on behalf of Full Moon Home Video on June 13 in 2000.

The Puppet Master was initially released by Wizard Entertainment on DVD in March of 2008, before being released it was released on Blu-ray the following year. While initially released discs, Full Moon Productions also released a revised version of the movie.

In the time since Echo Bridge Home Entertainment published "Killjoy and Puppet Master: The Complete Works" in 2014, there's added episodes of episodes of the Killjoy and Puppet Master series. The new episodes were released shortly after the original compilation was released.

On April 10 10, 2018, Full Moon published a limited-edition vintage Cassette compilation as well as Blu-ray disc. Both were available to purchase within the day. The Video compilation was available for purchase in a set of 3,000 copies which included Charles Band personally autographing and numbering the first 300 versions.

Puppet Master Reception



There's a gap in information that must be addressed here. If you are able to make a contribution to it then it would be useful. Concerning the month of November in the year 2014

According to the review collection website Rotten Tomatoes it has a rating of 43% approval, and it's been awarded an average weighted weight of 4/10, based on the views of seven reviewers.

The show was seen as "a pointless variation on the killer doll motif" as per TV Guide, and as this it didn't receive very high scores.

The horror website Dread Central rated the film 3 out of 5 stars with praise for the quality of the production, while offering critiques for the acting, the screenplay, and the first scene. The reviewer concludes the following "Puppet Master isn't what I would consider to be a masterpiece, but its heart is right as I've always an enthusiastic fan of the malevolent doll style of horror" The reviewer suggests that the film's imperfections are mostly attributable to the character of the film is a Puppet Master. Despite its flaws, Puppet Master stands out as one of the most enjoyable movies of the "killing toy" genre of horror films "a commenter called Wes R. from Oh the Horror.com said.

Puppet Master Legacy


The movie's success that is now regarded as a timeless classic, provided the inspiration to create a series that would continue for many years. Puppet Master II (1990), Puppet Master 4 (1993), Puppet Master 5: The Closing Segment (1994), Curse of the Puppet Master (1998), and Puppet Master: The Legacy (2002) are the five films created as a direct outcome due to the immense popularity of original Puppet Master film (2003).

The Toulon's Vengeance (1991) was the 3rd part of the series, and like Retro Puppet Master (1989), it serves as an early predecessor. Toulon's Vengeance (1991) premiered in 1991. (1999). A nebulous trilogy of forerunners is in the making, beginning with Puppet Master: Axis of Evil (2010) and going on to the sequels Axis Rising (2012) and Axis Termination (2014). (2017).

In the year 2000, a precursor book titled Blade: The Iron Cross was released, and the protagonist of the book was a mermaid named Blade. The year 2022 has been planned for the production of the dramatization movie Doktor Death (Retro).

Puppet Master vs. Demonic Toys began airing at first on Sci-Fi Channel in 2004. The show resulted of a merging with another Full Moon series called Demonic Toys.

Puppet Master Game



On September 20, 2021 Full Moon announced that they were collaborating in partnership with the independent game developer "October Games" to develop an official Puppet Master video game. It was announced that the Puppet Master video game was launched in the Steam store Steam on March 1 2023. The game was greeted with diverse evaluations.

Conversion to 3-D


In March 2009, there was speculation that Band was considering shooting the movie in three dimensions.

But, not all of the films that Full Moon made were obviously produced on a tight budget. At the time, they tried to make the most value out of their money. to them. We are now at the commencement of Puppet Master, a property which has earned Full Moon an abundance with financial gain.

The movie's original version was an Full Moon standard production that was immediately converted to video and was published in 1989, but since then there have been at the very least 14 or fifteen sequels to the movie. There's no need to be stingy since the story is about dolls who come to life, the resulting horror movie. It is possible that you will be amazed by how deep the mythology goes even after the first film in the series.

It's possible that the fact that it produced several successors will come as a shock to you.

Puppet Master Trivia


Cindy Sorenson, a diminutive stuntwoman, was asked to wear gloves that were not fingerless and sleeves for a cardigan during scenes in which she was supposed to be performing the role of Pinhead's fist. The idea was that it appeared that she was in fact performing the stunt. Cindy claimed that the toughest part was when she had to carry the Pinhead marionette on her back while pretending that she was attacking it, and she lowered her head during the entire time.

Andre killed himself by shooting self in head using an silver coated Smith & Wesson pistol.

In terms of speed of shooting, the fire rate from the 44 is twice as fast as the standard revolvers.

Blade's clothes don't change in response to the passage of time , or the advancements that take place in the films that follow each other.

Based on our knowledge, Blade is the only marionette who has ever been in the covers of every and every Puppet Master home video release.

Bert Rosario was the one who supplied Blade via his voice.

Kill count: 6

The time Charles Band spent working at Empire Studios is the inspiration behind his decision to perform under the stage moniker Puppet Master. He appeared in the film The Dungeonmaster (1984), which is also known as Ragewar He also mentioned that many of his supporters reached out to him to express their appreciation for the movie. He stated that the film was also referred to as Ragewar. When he was deciding to make a film about real-life puppets He was reminded of the overwhelmingly positive reaction he received to The Dungeonmaster, his first movie. The Dungeonmaster, because the filmmaker has always been fascinated by the idea that artificial objects could be made to live. After some consideration and consideration, the title of the film was finally decided for Puppet Master.

The creator of the first movie, Charles Band, had plans of making a sequel in the year 2010. In the wake of the wide-spread condemnation of the project, its development was terminated, and in its place, Puppet Master: Axis of Evil was created (2010).

Blade, the marionette, sprints around at the beginning of the movie. He's clearly breathing and sounding breathless, despite the fact that he does not have lungs (or any other organs in the body). Additionally, the audience can intermittently hear the other puppets grunting, breathing, and whimpering for the duration of the film. But, none can speak directly with each other.

In the movie Puppet Master, the main character, Neil, is a marionette who is brought back from death.

In the scene where Blade versucht to scare woman in the hotel, a song drawn from the film of David Schnoeller Tourist Trap from 1979 can be heard on the screen in background. It is among the earliest scenes in the movie. The theme that plays over and over, which is known as "Davey's Waltz," can be heard in the score of Tourist Trap.

The first screening of Blade: The Iron Cross (2020) The movie, which starred the marionette , for the first for the first time on his own offshoot film occurred in the year 2020.

In an interview on the site for horror movies The Horror Trap in 1999 Director David Schmoeller disclosed that he did not have (click now to view the blog posts) any further involvement in"Puppet Master. "Puppet Master" series as the series was not his idea and he did not want to be made public that someone different than the producer and Full Moon Boss Charles Band had created the brand. That was one of the reasons why he had no further involvement with the series. After the news broke about the fact that the initial "Puppet Master" picture would be released on DVD, Schmoeller was never approached to provide a director's introduction for the disc. In the same interview Schmoeller also raised the outstanding residuals that are due to him by the Band.

To keep the movie from receiving a "X" rating the blood dispersed during the finger-slicing action was colored green.

While Leech Woman "coughs" up Leches, others get the impression that she has more mouth movement than she really does because of the lips made of rubber. It seems as though the whole leech comes out from Leech Woman's mouth. However, actually it is only 3 quarters of the mechanism used to create leech has been extracted from the marionette as of this moment. The camera is moved away from the scene to show this.

A significant part of the audio for this film is synthesizer-based renditions from the score of Pino Donaggio's Tourist Trap (1979), one of the films with similar themes with which the directors David Schmoeller and producer Charles Band worked previously. This movie also deals with the same topics.

The early drawings of Charles Band featured a samurai marionette with six limbs as well as a handgun attached it. This marionette was the basis on the character of Six-Shooter who debuts during Puppet Master III: Toulon's Retribution. However, despite the fact that he was not included in the final version to the film but he did appear (1991).

After the movie's original summer 1989 theater release and September 1989 release dates for home video were moved back to October 12, 1989, as direct-to video release, the producer of the movie, Charles Band, stated in an interview that he'd earn more money from the direct-to-video industry than in the cinema market. Based on this assertion that the movie's first release dates were changed on October 12, 1989.

Puppet Master Spoilers


Andre Toulon spends the first scene in the film staring out the window of his home looking at an Asian marionette, which is later revealed to be a real-life Burmese theatrical marionette called Zawgyi the alchemical magician.

To be able to manipulate the Blade marionette In order to successfully manipulate the Blade marionette Puppet Master were needed.

Amid Bodega Bay there used to be a tiny hotel about the size of a refrigerator. After they found an ideal spot, production crew hung their model from the ceiling at a great height , and employed a variety of different combinations of force perspective to create the appearance like it was there on the set.

The movie that Charles Band had made previously known as Dolls which focused on poor puppets and was the basis of this one's inspiration (1986).

David Schmoeller chose to honor one of his idols, Klaus Kinski, by basing the marionette Blade on the appearance of Kinski.

It is only five minutes left to watch the entire figurines.

The questions that follow could provide important plot details.

In the time that passed between the premiere of the movie and its sequel, two movies Puppet Master: Axis of Evil (2010) and Puppet Master X: Axis Rising (2014) came out (2012).

William Hickey, who had been Paul Le Mat's acting professor before, was to be in the same area at the same time with Le Mat.

Puppet Master Movie Review


The thirty-fifth , or fortieth, film about puppets, which "life" might appear boring, but "Puppet Master" has more to offer than just that. The five characters who play the parts of the elderly man's companions are not dolls but five distinct figures that were specially designed for the purpose of portraying those roles. Jester is the person who leans back and does nothing but stares, is the most fascinating marionette because it is all he does is look. It's pretty cool to note that when he changes his facial expressions his cranium really does move around as it is composed of three distinct pieces. It can be observed if you look carefully enough.

When the story begins, almost half an century has passed when these dolls were said to be "lost." In the aftermath, a group of astrologers decides investigate the motel in the hopes that they will discover the dolls. It's been years since there was anything more bloody or violence depicted in the film before. Although these gadgets can cause chaos in the hotel, they are not dangerous in and of themselves. The puppets are built so that they can serve the owner, whom, in the end, reap what he has created. This was the basis for a model that "Puppet Master II" continued to build on (a film that's okay but not as great as the first).

The movie is extraordinary in every aspect, from the almost endearing puppets to a charming setting of an old bed and breakfast at Bodega Bay (who also happen to enjoy killing people). There's some communication online but it's not bad. There's a little bit of sexual sex, comedy, vulgarity which is borderline over the top (and rather bizarre) as well as violence, but there is no extreme gore. There is also some mild humor (well there's an odd portion at the very end that is somewhat offensive).

One of the most captivating aspects of the movie is it's performance Paul LeMat, who portrays Alex Whitaker. He is superb of both acting as the movie's arbitrator and as the very first truly clairvoyant to get any knowledge of what's going on in the family's world. In the end, he is unhappy. of the film, He is victimized by the wrong presumption.

If you liked this picture If you liked it, you might like Child's Play, Dolls, Cruel Toys, in addition to Dolly Dearest. These pictures all feature dolls in some form or other form. Although "Puppet Master" isn't as sinister as the other examples presented yet, it's a great illustration of the way in which artificial objects come to life. In the end, worship of Satan, witchcraft, or other aspects of a demon-oriented society are not represented in this work in any manner. It is unquestionably success!

Andre Toulon, played by William Hickey, was known as a "puppet master" in the 1930s. He gave life to dead figures using old Egyptian techniques. But, when Nazis appear to seek him He secretly hides the figurines so they will not be found. A group of magicians and spirits gathers at his home, where they see the statues and discover they're slightly hostile and homicidal. They also find that the sculptures were created by him. Furthermore there is a chance that the recently vacated resident may not be completely gone.

Another photo from my childhood that, despite the fact that I'm an adult continues to give me anxiety. I wanted to believe that this movie would be one of the top films of the kind that Full Moon has produced, however, I found it to be dull to the point that I lost my mind. The actor who was awarded an Golden Globe for his role as Paul LeMat, Paul LeMat has interesting locks, but gave a terrible performance. In addition to that, Barbara Crampton has a appearance in the show (she also appears as an attendant at a carnival).

The first hour and a half of the film is unsatisfactory because it spends too much attention on useless information, and characters who aren't fascinating. In the next 15 minutes, there is about a modest improvement in the general situation. The second half of the film is more entertaining to watch, however, the beginning is so boring, it's not worth making up for. It's hard believing that there are already 8 or 9 more parts to this film. Even though I believe that I believe Charles Band (the film's director) and Ken Hall (the film's writer) are two wonderful people I was quite shocked to find out that the film was not nearly being as great as I had remembered it to be. The main reason is that the characters do not get enough screen time on the show. Should I be resentful toward Director David Schmoeller, whose previous movie, "Crawlspace," was much better than this?

Some of them, such as Jester have no reason to have any use whatsoever in the movie Some, like Blade require more time on camera. I found Leech Woman to be both entertaining and slightly disgusting, but I have to admit that I'm curious to know what percentage of the time she's helpful. Although I found equally "Tunneler" the "Pinhead" and "Tunneler "Pinhead" interesting and fascinating it is hard not to think that there ought to have been a lot more of them on screen. It is a waste of time to care about people. It's a sexy love scene, for sure, but that does not much contribute to character development.

Even though"No Strings Attached," the "No strings attached" program is just seven minutes long, we get an opportunity to speak with marionette experts David Allen, Paul LeMat, Charles Band, and David Schmoeller in that short amount of time. In seven minutes, I would guess that you can't expect much however, it doesn't offer much. There's never any enough Charlie Band saying "dude," and his five minute intro is more informative than anything else put together. In the past, the movie has been improved and fixed and the story was not enhanced in any way by virtue the changes.

Anyone who is interested (click now to view vids) in hiding the truth about "Puppet Master" may find it helpful to avoid looking at this photo. While the movie does not come close to being bad, it's not nearly quite as innovative as the narrative will have you believe it to be. The cheap music performed by Richard Band does not make the movie any better. This movie could've been even better had been made in the way that was true to the essence of Full Moon. The movie was able to become the best of its kind with a some trimming, but at the same time, it maintained the same effects. This part of my story is gone for good, scattered across the country along with my other memories like the dust from an old farm tractor.

The movie has some implausible moments as well as issues concerning the plot which are not solved, and there are also concerns that are never addressed. In the beginning of the narrative, we see an incident in which an individual miniature can be seen desperately running around. It's impossible to imagine how such a thing could happen with his huge size. Toulon's suicide is a mystery as to the motivations behind his decision. All that we have to do is think. The reality that the sculptures returned after being in obscurity for more than a century is unusual. Does it really matter that in the very first instance Neil "let loose" the band members? In the same way, it is only the one explanation which makes sense at this juncture.

The figurines are expertly crafted however they do not have any truly frightening qualities. The picture itself doesn't contain anything that could be deemed frightening or scary. In the 1980s it was a flurry of images like this one that screened in theaters, but this one is pure deadly delight. It wasn't the worst thing ever however, it wasn't the most enjoyable thing ever. Despite this, it was acknowledged throughout history as an artwork. Certainly, I believe that to be the case for me as well.

The first (and the very initially) initiative at Full Moon on the subject of homicidal dolls comes hot following the success of "Dolls (1987) and Child's Play (1988), and it's well-crafted as a low-budget production however, nothing could be considered surprising about the events that occur. In defiance of your expectations the movie ended up becoming a renowned object in its particular field, which in turn led to the creation of many spinoffs.

The film has a crisp professional and professional look. David Allen's collection and collection of puppets is creatively charming, but the mystery aspect it is based on isn't well-developed enough. Instead in the end, the story simply comprises a set of set pieces where people die in horrible, bizarre ways. The movie's aesthetic is sleek and professional as is David Allen's assortment puppets is visually appealing. There are plenty of possibilities that are explored however not all of these are followed to their proper final. The generations to come, on the other hand, would maintain the pattern. David Schmoeller's skillful direction ensures that the shocking assault sequences are presented as they were intended, and that the characters convey the effect they were designed for them to produce. Although the slow pace of this movie isn't very useful, however some of the images and scenes seem eerie and sinisterly contorted, and the overall tone of the narrative is very strange and kinky. It's not required for the movie to be lightning-fast, but the sprawling, groaning hotel's colourful Gothic ambience could have benefited with better administration. The amazing and thrilling score that Richard Brands composed for this film is both the movie's main driving force, and also its most memorable feature. It sets the mood of the movie by creating an unsettling, hallucinatory feel and acts as the cornerstone of the movie. The dolls are very effective in their role as stop-motion animators or even as surprise Puppet Masters, and when designing rod marionettes into action. Irene Miracle, who displays the most hilarious of vicious turns, is just one of the most well-known actors that help enhance the material. Some other well-known actors whose performances aid in elevating the story include Paul LeMat, William Hickey among others. On top of that, Barbara Crampton makes a amazing performance.

Another person claimed this movie and it's one of the classics and that led to a lengthy film series , which will produce another progeny by the year 2018 and is getting some controversy and speculation about being a delayed Cultclassic. The film also inspired a lengthy movie series that will result in another progeny in 2018. It is possible that some people would think that monotonous could be an appropriate option. And particularly so if you would like to watch the movie that carries the R rating.

The unrated version differs from the rated version in certain regards and to a greater extent in other respects (nudity but also violently). However the opening few minutes are reminiscent of a dream scenario in a movie full of bizarre moments. The movie can take up to ten minutes before it gets back on track after which, once it is the movie returns to normal. However, the typical storyline and, more importantly the flaws in reasoning are obvious during this scenario. Since the existence of sentient Puppets is already established in the world, there's no longer any requirement for the use of logic. It is up to you to decide if it's acceptable or simply terrible to not have someone screaming for assistance and allowing it to be played out as an "joke" in the scenario of the parasite, for example. If you feel it's acceptable or even good rather than plain awful, then the choice is yours.

My opinion is that it is the act of puppets that is particularly effective. As are the effects overall in general, especially considering the fact that the film was made with a modest budget within the 1980s. If you're interested in activities like that, then by all means, give the film a go!

Leave a Reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *